Before the war, Russia and Ukraine were among the world’s top suppliers of barley, maize and sunflower. The supply of these and other staples were critically affected by Russia’s invasion.
The two countries accounted for almost 30 percent of global wheat exports in 2021. But owing to Russia’s blockade of Ukraine’s Black Sea ports, a major shipping route for grains, wheat prices rose by 35 percent in 2022 from the previous year, reaching a record high in March.
Food insecurity was already on the rise before the outbreak of the war, with an estimated 44 million people on the brink of famine due to COVID-19, climate change and conflict.
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